Karl Marx And The Marxist Theory Of Political Economy

Economics often detaches from analysing people and the social relationships between them to instead focus on mathematical modelling. In the contemporary world, economists failed to predict numerous crises, the most recent being the Global Financial Crisis of 2006. Such failures coincide with the deteriorating belief in governments, leading to the rebirth of the use of Marxist thinking. â€Å"Sales of Das Kapital, Marx s masterpiece of political economy, have soared ever since 2008, as have those of The Communist Manifesto and the Grundrisse†. However, in a time of increasing admiration and application of his theories, it is vital to ask; Did Karl Marx construct masterpieces of political economy? Or is his work littered with ethical, economical and empirical discrepancies? This report will critically analyse aspects of Marxist economic theoretical tradition in order to answer these and ultimately form a decisive conclusion about the validity of the Marxist study of political e conomy. Karl Marx divided society into two groups: the dynamic forces of production in the form of technology and labour skills and the stagnant relations of production. This forms the two classes, the proletariat who are the owners of their labour and the bourgeoisie who own the means of production. The relationship between the two is assessed using the labour theory of value, which demonstrates the exploitation of workers in the aim of getting surplus value: â€Å"the difference between the wages†¦labourShow MoreRelatedThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1507 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx A German philosopher, economist, journalist and revolutionary scientist, Marx was best known for his work in economics. He laid the foundations for today s theories of labor and capital. The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital were among the most famous of his published works. Born to a middle-class family in Trier, Prussia in 1818, his parents were Jewish, but converted to Christianity in 1816 due to strict anti- Jewish laws. He was baptized as a Christian at the age of six but laterRead More Karl Marx Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesone renowned philosopher stands out amongst the crowd, and that person is named Karl Marx (1818-1883). In this essay I aim to explore and critically assess his ideas, theories, and studies in his contribution to sociology, and if his ideas, theories and studies are useful to this contribution to sociology. Sociology began in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Western Europe. Around this time, the political and economic systems in Europe were changing. Things like the Monarchy, (whichRead MoreThe Beginnings Of Marxism?986 Words   |  4 Pagesof Marxism? Written in 1847 by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the Communist Manifesto laid out ideas that would change the course of world history. It fully defined the â€Å"Marxist† ideology in which Communism was the goal of humanity. Thirty years after Marx’s death, the people of Russia over threw their leaders and founded a Communist government based on Marxist ideologies. This government was initially lead by Vladimir Lenin who took direct inspiration from Marx. After Lenin died, a man named JosephRead More Karl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Essay example901 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Because the first printing of the Communist Manifesto was limited and the circulation restricted, the Manifesto did not have much impact on society after it was written in 1848. This meant that there were not many people who had access to the document. It wasn’t until 1871, when the Paris Commune occurred, that the Communist Manifesto began to have a huge impact on the working class all over the world.[i] The Paris Commune, whichRead MoreMarxist theory2065 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Marxist theory This theory was basically ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Both of them were born from Germany. Marx was a student of the most prominent German Idealist Philosopher. Engels was editing a radical journal that written by Karl Marx at the year 1844. Due to this both of them meet and become close friends. Engels start to share his opinion toward capitalism to Marx. After that, they decided to work together and become partnership because Marx was good in dealing with difficultRead MoreKarl Marx And Socialism Negatively Impacted Society1803 Words   |  8 Pages How Karl Marx and Socialism Negatively Impacted Society Marxism, also known as Socialism, and Communism, is â€Å"the political, economic, and social principles and policies advocated by a man known as Karl Marx; it is especially: a theory and practice of socialism including the labor theory of value, dialectical materialism, the class struggle, and dictatorship of the proletariat until the establishment of a classless society† (merriam-webster.com). Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are responsible forRead MoreKarl Marx s View On The Labor Value Of Theory883 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx was a German â€Å"economist and political scientist† who viewed capitalism â€Å"from a more pessimistic and revolutionary viewpoint† (Gorman, 2003). Karl Marx believed â€Å"that the basic determining factor of human history [was] Economics† (Famous101.com, 2011). Marx argued that the people within the classes were bound to remain â€Å"because of the very nature of capitalism† (Prabhat, 2012). Instead, Marx believ ed â€Å"†¦that the value of a good or service is dependent upon the labor used†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to produce itRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx (1818-1883), in collaboration with his benefactor and friend, Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), founded the Marxist Theory. Both men were philosophers, however were referred to as revolutionaries. ‘The Communist Manifesto’, was written collaboratively by both Marx and Engels, as they explored the argument that â€Å"history and progress can be seen dialectically as societies shift from one mode of production to another†. This will be argued through a contextual account of Marxism, its developmentRead MoreIs Marxism Anti Democratic Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesIs Marxism anti-democratic? In order to answer this question the parameters of the discussion must first be set, with key terms in the title defined. Marxism I define to be ‘an economic and socio-political worldview and method of socio-economic enquiry which focuses upon a materialist interpretation of history, a dialectical view of social change and an analysis and critique of capitalism. ‘ Democracy, I define to be an ‘egalitarian form of government in which sovereignty is vested in the peopleRead MoreMarxism Is A Method Of Socioeconomic Analysis1495 Words   |  6 Pagesmid-to-late 19th century works of German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, that analyzes class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and a dialectical view of social transformation. Marxist methodology originally used economic and sociopolitical inquiry to analyze and critique the development of capitalism and the role of class struggle in systemic economic change. According to Marxist analysis, class conflict within capitalism arises

The Causes and Prevention of Murder Essay - 1898 Words

You or someone in your family may have children who perform actions that can be indications of a potential serial killer. Most parents will ignore these signs but they are no joke. Does your child like to harm small animals? Does your child live in an unstable family; is your child socially awkward and isolated from everyone else? If you said yes to these questions, you may want to get more involved in your child’s life. According to many experts harming small animals, an unstable family, isolation from others, and bad mental health are the four main causes of murder but those are not the only causes. To the surprise of some people, violent videogames are not one of the leading reasons of why someone decides to kill. From early childhood†¦show more content†¦An more modern example is James Holmes, the man responsible for the Aurora shooting. Even though he killed many he was different from Peter Kurten only in the way that he didn’t kill over time. James Holmes had schizophrenia, a mental disease many murderers seem to have. Revenge and schizophrenia were a few examples of why a person decides to murder. Aggression during their childhood can lead a kid to repeat what they see at home or school. If they live in an abusive home the chances are higher of them committing violent crimes. The geography in where they live can be a small cause but not so much because a lot of mass murderers come from middle class families or higher. Usually people from lower income families commit smaller violent crimes such as beating someone up due to territory and gangs. Even though there is many more cause of murder there are also many ways to prevent it from happening to your children. Some indications to look at as a parent and/or guardian are to see how your child acts around society. Being antisocial is one of the major things one should pay close attention to. Another indication is the way your child plays with small animals. If they like to hurt or even kill small animals that is a red flag right away. An abusive home is usually the main cause of a child turning into a delinquent. At a young age many children are physically and verbally abusedShow MoreRelatedGun Control Research Paper 1263 Words   |  6 Pages Canada, Japan, China, the difference between U.S. and those countries is in these countries to get a firearm is a very difficult thing and they have very strict gun laws. Gun is very powerful weapon, it would cause serious hurt, even death, we can use gun to protect ourselves or to murderï ¼Å'It is powerful not only to the human but also to the society. I believe the issue is not how many guns are around us but who owns those guns and how the country enforce the gun laws. Why so many people debate onRead MoreTheu.s. Supreme Court Case1146 Words   |  5 Pagespregnancy testing positive on a drug test for meth. Well, she was charged with first degree murder and second degree murder based upon allegations of child abuse causing the stillbirth. Lynn Paltrow, one of the women associated with the National Advocates for Women’s Rights, had defended her by saying there is no law against the crime she had plead guilty for (This Is Murder?). Being charged with murder for a stillborn baby should’ve been a crime if it is a crime that if a baby dies because youRead MoreViolence - Behavior Involving Physical Force1370 Words   |  6 Pages or kill someone or something. In my own words, violence – hate, gangs, guns, anger and war. Violence in Chicago – nonstop killing. Shootings and murders are through the roof in Chicago. In the past year, in 2015, there has been 29 murders, 136 shooting victims and 119 shootings. In just this year a lone, in just the first month the shooting and murders were double that. In statistics released, the Chicago Police Department reported there were 51 homicides this January compared to 29 in January ofRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pages The only crime punishable by death in New Zealand is treason, the death penalty for murder and piracy having been abolished in 1961, but none the less there were no death sentences known given because of treason 1. Then on 26th December 1989 when a private members bill was pushed into effect, marking New Zealand as a country where no crimes warrants a death punishment 2. Over the years crimes that once would be given death penalty has increased so reintroducing the death penalty shouldRead MoreA Brief Note On The Stop And Frisk809 Words   |  4 PagesSimilarly, one would not target a McDonalds looking to purchase a pair of shoes. In New York City the homicide statistics show about half of all murders are committed by African Americans who represent just 12.6 percent of the population. Also, statistics show African Americans and Hispanics make up 96% of all New York City shooting victims and 90% of all murders victims in 2011. Analyzing those numbers in the context of stop-and-frisk make strong argument for why more African Americans are getting stoppedRead MoreEssay about Understanding and Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect1340 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem in the United States. Child abuse, including sexual abuse, beating, and murder have increased and it is believed that many cases go unreported. Another for of child abuse is child neglect, which includes malnutrition, desertion, and inadequate care for a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Efforts have increased on the primary prevention of child abuse. This must be started on many different levels before it can be successful. 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The UNCG defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. Genocides have occurred on almost every continent and the UNCG has had little impact on prevention. Indeed, 2since its creation in 1951 the world has seen a rise in genocidesRead MoreEuthanasia/Physician Assisted Suicide Should Not be Legalized1343 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of murder is â€Å"killing intentionally and with premeditation†, how is euthanasia any different? (Miller) Not only is it morally wrong, but logically and ethically as well. Human life is not anyone’s to take and destroying it is devaluing a gift given to us. â€Å"Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death among Americans† and making it lawful would only move it closer to 1st. (Krug EG) Reason 1: Legalizing Voluntary Euthanasia will lead to Involuntary Euthanasia Euthanasia classifies murder as goodRead MoreEssay on CRIMES Are Committed By...CRIMINALS, Guns Are Not The Issue579 Words   |  3 Pages Im arguing that gun-control is not the appropriate answer or solution to todays problems of crime, including school massacres. Our legal system never charges guns with mass murder, and no AK-47 has ever been taken to court, sentenced to years in jail or been given the death sentence. People commit crimes and mass murder, not guns. I added the knives option on the checklist to add further empathis that intimate objects do not commit crimes. I chose to use irrefutable statements like â€Å"criminals

Human Resource Management Techniques of Business

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for Techniques of Business. Answer: Introduction It is evident that human resource management is considered as relatively the new approach to manage people in an organization. People are considered as the key resource in this particular approach. In addition, it is mainly concerned with the people dimension in management of an organization. In this context, Budhwar and Debrah (2013) have commented that human resource management is the technique, which is consisting of four different activities including the acquisition, development, motivation and the maintenance of the human resource. Furthermore, Renwick, Redman and Maguire (2013) also commented that as the organization is consisting of the people, its acquisition, enhancement of skills and motivation for increase level of attainments appear to be the significant activities. Unlike this concept, Ulrich (2013) have defined HRM as the set of management, which take the responsibility of the employees for focusing on all aspects of the business operations that are significantly concerned with the relationship management to employees along with the development of individual and the group. The current report focuses on the human resource management of the organization Flextronics to understand the aspects of human resource management and its effectiveness in business. The organization is known as one of the leading Electronic Manufacturer Services with the revenue of US$76.6 billion. The organization is running its operation in more than 30 countries. Flextronics operate in different segments of the market, which include the infrastructure, computing, consumer digital service, industrial, semi-conductor, medical devices and some other segments. As the organization deals with a large operation, they require skilled people and managerial approach. In such a case , the organization applies different approach of HRM to find out the issues and develop the solution. HRM practices in the organization As mentioned by Renwick, Redman and Maguire (2013) human resource management is known as the management function, which is concerned with hiring, maintaining, motivating people. It focuses on the people in the organization. In some of the cases, it has been observed that due to effective human resource management in the internal environment, the organization performs better in the external environment. It is also evident that by developing the practices of the human resource management, the organization could encourage the employees in developing their performance. In such case, they could provide certain training to employees and teach necessary skills. This also helps the employees to individually perform better, which results to better organizational performance. Conversely, it is also observed that poor practices in human resource management could lead to poor organizational and employee performance. In this context, Marler and Fisher (2013) commented that HRM includes all manage ment decision as well as the practices that directly influence the people. Likewise, it could influence the human resource of the organization or the operations that is performed by the organization. In addition to this, it is also observed that every organization is necessarily a combination of physical as well as the human resource. Hence, the human resource is referred to the skills, education and efficiencies of the employees of the organization. It is necessary to develop the human resource management practices as poor practice could lead to undesired result. For example, the case study indicates that the Austrian site of Flextronics is built up with the highly skilled and experienced workforce as well as the well functioning work schedules. On the contrary, the newly formed site at the Hungarian experienced some issues at the beginning of starting the operation. The company had to run the operation with insufficient personnel, high fluctuations and highly volatile sales market. Therefore, it can be mentioned that it can be mentioned that organization needs to play a serious attention to the human resource management of the organization. In this context, Dellinger et al. (2013) commented that when the organization performs in the global environment, it has to deal with different barriers that come from the employee base of the organization. For example, it can also be added that employees that come from different cultural background. Thus, the demands and requirements of the employees are based on the cultural, tradition and life style of people. Therefore, employees in different country look for demand for opportunities and benefits. In such situation, the organization faces the difficulties. As the consequence, the organizations feel the rush of implementing the approaches of diversified management, which also comes in the form of human res ource management. As opined by Ruigrok and Van Tulder (2013), the organizations are management by people and through people. Thus, without people or the workforce, the companies could never stand itself in the competitive environment. In this context, De Waal (2013), it can be added that people who deal with the human resource of the organization, relying on their level of commitment, contribution as well as the organization. Therefore, the organization, hence, needs to focus on the aspects of the human resources. There have been some different fields of the human resource management such as inherent part of management, pervasive function, basic to all functional areas, people centered approach and the personal activities or the functions. The people centered approach of HRM, all categories of personnel involved in the business activities of the organizations are involved. For example, in Flextronics, the personnel are categorized in some ways, which may include the worker who work on the machine and involved in loading and unloading, managerial as well as the non-managerial personnel and the professional as well as the non-personnel personnel. On the contrary, while applying the personnel activities or the functi ons of human resource, the HRM may include some particular functions that revolve around the people of management. Ti may include the workforce planning, placement, employment, appraisal and training as well as the compensation of the employees. In order to perform these activities, a particular department called Personal Department is formed in most of the large organizations like Flextronics. Unlike this practice of the human resource management, the managers or the leaders at different levels in the organizations conduct the pervasive function of human resource management. However, in such practice, the manager is not supposed to hand over the responsibility to someone. In such case, the managers could take suggestion as well as guide in dealing with people from the experts who have competencies about the personal management (Ruigrok and Van Tulder (2013). Diversity management and culture As opined by Alegre, Sengupta and Lapiedra (2013), the rapidly growing globalization of the world may require an effective communication among the people from diverse background. It is true that people do not prefer to live or work in socially constrained environment, as they now become the significant part of the global economy and competing with the global economy. In such situation, the supervisor or the managers of the organizations need to understand or find out the ways based on which the workplace is changing as well as evolving. As argued by Seuring and Gold (2013), managing diversity in the workplace or dealing with the diversity is one of the serious challenges that organization should consider. The effective managerial skills should adapt to form a multi-cultural work environment. In this context, Golicic and Smith (2013) commented that diversity could be defined as the acknowledgement, accepting, valuing and understanding the difference among the people in respect age, cu lture, gender, disabilities and other differences. For example, the organization Flextronics is running the operation globally; therefore, it has to deal with people who come from different cultural, religious and other fields of the country. Thus, managing these varieties of workforce is serious challenge (Seuring and Gold (2013). The case study indicates that while starting the manufacturing operation at Hungarian, Flextronics had to deal with some human resource issues such poor experienced of the employees, ineffective capacity to meet the consumer demand. Thus, to resolve the solution, the heads of Flextronics have lobbied internally for a Flextronics Academy in the CEE region and eventually conducted the approach. By implementing this, the organization would provide certain training and education to the employees and managers. The company had developed a high-potential programme for the future cadre of the managers and the line managers. However, this specially designed to offer some selected individuals. Notwithstanding, as the organization runs the operation globally, culture specifies proved to be a significant aspect for the long-term achievement or success of the programme. For instance, it is identified that participants at Hungarian are less likely to complete the programme or work with the organization. Due to the high payment and benefits, people started leaving the company and joining the competitor in the industry. Therefore, it can certainly be added that needs and demands of the people may change as that is based on the needs and requirements existing in the regions. Similarly, the communication style and the learning approach of Austrian and Hungarian are characteristically different. More specially, it can be added that inter personal communication, formal behavior is maintained in Austrian site than Hungarian. In such case, the organization widely needs to develop and implement the approach of the diversified management in the organization. Many organizations that perform the operations in the global environment often find the challenge of diversified that management (Lauring 2013). As mentioned by Laegreid and Christensen, (2013), the organizations should embrace diversity as well as look for the ways to form inclusive workplace as the diversity has the potential to yield larger work productivity as well as the competitive advantages. On the contrary, some of the academics have mentioned that diversity is an invaluable competitive asset and it is the part of the people management. This means managing or dealing with the diversity is the major component of people management in the workplace. In addition to all these, it can be added that demographic changes such as women in the workplace, restructuring in the organization as well as equal opportunities legislations may require the organizations to review and evaluate their management practices. In addition, the organization may also have to develop new as well as creative skills to manage people. Required tools for diversity management It is necessary for the effective managers to be aware of some specific skills that are significant for creating or forming a successful and diverse workforce. Firstly, the managers or the leaders need to understand the discrimination as well as its consequence. Secondly, the leaders or the managers need to understand their own culture biases as well as the prejudices. In this context, Nielsen and Nielsen (2013) diversity is not about the differences among the teams or the groups, but it is about the difference among the individuals. As argued by Vidal et al. (2013), the diversity management does not rely on any particular recipe. Thus, it generally depends on the managers ability to realize what is effective for the organization. This is based on the teamwork as well as the dynamics of the workplace. In accordance with the opinions mentioned given by Qian, Cao and Takeuchi (2013), managing diversity is one of the comprehensive techniques for forming a work environment that involves everyone. Thus, both mangers as well as associates should be aware of their individual basis. In such a case, the organization Flextronics should develop, implement and maintain ongoing training. International performance management Performance is considered as the achievement of the firm in respect with its goals and objectives (Budhwar and Debrah 2013). It may include the outcome achieved through the contribution of the individual or the team or the organizations strategic goals. As mentioned by Nielsen, and Nielsen (2013), the term performance is consisting of economic and the behavioral outcome. In addition to all this, it can be mentioned that different studies demonstrate that human resource management has the positive relationship on organizational performance. In addition, it can also be the source of sustainable competitive advantages to the organization. The existing literature provide the outcome, which indicates that performance management was developed as the strategic management and integrated technique, which could incorporate, goal setting and performance appraisal. The performance management is developed aligning the individual goals with the goals and objectives of the organization. It is signi ficantly concerned with how people work, how the people are developed or managed to enhance their performance and how to increase their contribution to the organization. Hence, the scenario of increasing growth of the Flextronics indicates the ways of how the organization have managed its people and developed the skills of the employees to experience the differences in the productivity. After a decade of increasing growth in 1990s with large number of acquisitions, factories within the organization had to deal with the issues raised by the customers regarding the products and services. In such situation, the organization developed the initiative to form ONE Flextronics. It significantly focuses on developing the production relevant techniques to make ONE Flextronics idea an effective one in the practice, which would be visible to the consumers, suppliers and the employee. Globally, multiple teams have been collected to implement the idea. However, it was necessary for the organization to develop one field for sharing these ideas and providing training to the individuals. This has helped the organization to develop new leadership style and managerial approaches. The idea was offered to deliver a tailored approach for training and development. In this context, Lauring (2013) commented that while developing the performance management system, it is necessary for the organization not only link the organizational goals with the individual goals, it is also important to link the goals with different aspects of human resource management like human resource development, employee rewards to people management. In addition, the performance management is mainly concerned with the performance improvement to accomplish both individual as well as organizational effectiveness. As mentioned by Nielsen and Nielsen (2013), the performance development is underpinned by two different principles. One is the idea that efforts of the employee s needs to be goal-directed as well as another are that that performance improvement should be sustained by the improvement of employees ability. Training and development In order to develop the organizational productivity, it is necessary for the organization to focus on employees performance (De Waal 2013). The organization could measure employee performance based on certain criteria such as productivity, commitment, communication skill, approach, technological skills. In such situation, the organization should provide certain training and education to brush up the skills. Training is important not from the perspective of the organization but also for the employees who work for a long time in the organization. While providing training to the employees, the organization should divide certain areas of training. For example, some employees may require technological knowledge and skills; some may require training in dealing with the clients. Likewise, the Flextronics could divide the areas and based on that they analyze the issues and provide the necessary assistance. It is evident that training and development is one of the effective managerial fields of motivating employees and increasing the performance of the employees. By providing appropriate training, the organization could positively influence employee performance Conclusion and Recommendation On the completion of the report, it can be mentioned that human resource management is an important aspect of the business, which could largely influence organizational performance. Different approaches are involved in human resource management. Over the decades of research, the approach of managing the human resource in the organization has been developed. In order to manage diversity in the organization, the Flextronics could provide the opportunities to female employees. The company could recruit people from different cultural background. In addition, the managers need to have the ability to understand the cultural differences of the employees. Reference list: Alegre, J., Sengupta, K. and Lapiedra, R., 2013. Knowledge management and innovation performance in a high-tech SMEs industry.International Small Business Journal,31(4), pp.454-470. Budhwar, P.S. and Debrah, Y.A. eds., 2013.Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. De Waal, A., 2013.Strategic Performance Management: A managerial and behavioral approach. Palgrave Macmillan. Dellinger, R.P., Levy, M.M., Rhodes, A., Annane, D., Gerlach, H., Opal, S.M., Sevransky, J.E., Sprung, C.L., Douglas, I.S., Jaeschke, R. and Osborn, T.M., 2013. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012.Intensive care medicine,39(2), pp.165-228. Golicic, S.L. and Smith, C.D., 2013. A metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis of environmentally sustainable supply chain management practices and firm performance.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(2), pp.78-95. Laegreid, P. and Christensen, T. eds., 2013.Transcending new public management: the transformation of public sector reforms. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Lauring, J., 2013. International diversity management: Global ideals and local responses.British Journal of Management,24(2), pp.211-224. Marler, J.H. and Fisher, S.L., 2013. An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), pp.18-36. Nielsen, B.B. and Nielsen, S., 2013. Top management team nationality diversity and firm performance: A multilevel study.Strategic Management Journal,34(3), pp.373-382. Nielsen, B.B. and Nielsen, S., 2013. Top management team nationality diversity and firm performance: A multilevel study.Strategic Management Journal,34(3), pp.373-382. Qian, C., Cao, Q. and Takeuchi, R., 2013. Top management team functional diversity and organizational innovation in China: The moderating effects of environment.Strategic Management Journal,34(1), pp.110-120. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), pp.1-14. Ruigrok, W. and Van Tulder, R., 2013.The logic of international restructuring: The management of dependencies in rival industrial complexes. Routledge. Seuring, S. and Gold, S., 2013. Sustainability management beyond corporate boundaries: from stakeholders to performance.Journal of Cleaner Production,56, pp.1-6. Ulrich, D., 2013.Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press. Vidal, T., Crainic, T.G., Gendreau, M. and Prins, C., 2013. A hybrid genetic algorithm with adaptive diversity management for a large class of vehicle routing problems with time-windows.Computers Operations Research,40(1), pp.475-489.

Reading the American Past, Volume II From 1865 Selected Historical Document

The introduction: the fundamentals of the postwar period While analyzing the Lessons of World War II by Marshall, there is a need to highlight the fundamentals of the period. So, one is to keep in mind that the postwar period was characterized by successful reconstruction of the economies. It seems that representative institutions appearance was the greatest as well as the most successful event of the postwar period.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reading the American Past, Volume II: From 1865: Selected Historical Document specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Marshall Plan is considered to be the key aspect of the success Western Europe experienced. Thus, this idea is confirmed by DeLong Bradford and Barry Eichengreen. In other words, one can state that Marshall’s Plan was of great significance for the prosperity of Western Europe. Of course, the fact that Marshall’s program had a great success is recognized to be indisputable; however, taking into account the points Marshall’s Plan included, one can state that the importance of the Plan is evident when analyzing alleviating resource shortages. Generally, the main purpose of Marshall’s Plan was to eliminate hunger, and poverty. There is also a need to add that working economy revival was the key aim of the program. The importance of Marshall’s Plan It is necessary to point out that fear of financial chaos was regarded as the principal problem in Europe. For this reason, one can make a conclusion that this fear had to be solved with Marshall’s program. On the other hand, nobody can neglect the impact of the psychological affect on people all over the world. Generally, they say that the reconstruction of Western European countries was much more important than performance of the duties of the East Europeans. Moreover, Cox and Kennedy-Pipe are of the same opinion. While speaking about Dwight  D. Eis enhower’s farewell address, one is to keep in mind that this speech became really legendary. It seems that Eisenhower’s speech had a great impact on the interdependence between the military and defense industry. On the other hand, the role of the universities can’t be neglected. The most important point, which is to be discussed, is the way the power had to be used to protect the interests of the whole world. So, Eisenhower was sure that crises can’t be avoided; so, for this reason, he recognized the importance of the solutions to resolve various contradictions. The principal aim of the so-called military complex was to establish public policy in relation to American democracy. In other words, the main aim of Eisenhower’s speech was to let know beforehand about dangers of the product of military establishment.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The conclu sion: the U.S. economy While analyzing Johnson’s book and taking into account the above-mentioned points concerning the postwar period, one can make a conclusion that economic state of the USA became more stable. It can sound strange; however, the structural break in the economy of the USA became a necessary step to stabilize its financial state. When speaking about Marshall’s Plan, one is to keep in mind that Marshall was not the first Western leader who proposed to use American dollars for economic stabilization of Europe. However, he was the only person who led the way. In other words, the peculiar feature of Marshall’s Plan was economic recovery of the whole world. It was obvious, that without his plan, there could be no political stability in the world. On the other hand, without Marshall’s program, peace could be also under the threat. Works Cited Johnson, Michael. Reading the American Past, Volume II: From 1865: Selected  Historical Documents, 20 08. Web. https://www.amazon.com/Reading-American-Past-Historical-Documents/dp/0312459688. This essay on Reading the American Past, Volume II: From 1865: Selected Historical Document was written and submitted by user Karlee Pittman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Language in The Handmaid essays

Language in The Handmaid essays The nature of language as a means of expression and exchange of thoughts means it is never purely objective and functional it will necessarily reflect the attitudes and values of the society which has created it. Even the word ideology is derived from the Latin word logos which means word or discourse. Therefore, as language is not created in a vacuum, examination of the words and their derivations, meanings and usage can reveal the underlying philosophy of a culture. Often language is manipulated by those who are in power to further enforce their own tenets and beliefs, and to strengthen the divisions of power in the community. This is exemplified in Margaret Atwoods dystopian novel The Handmaids Tale where a restrictive, fascist regime has overtaken the United States of America and transformed it into the Republic of Gilead. The ideologies of this regime, specifically the value of reproduction and procreation for survival above all else, the limit of sensorial experiences and de sire, particularly of a sexual nature, and restrictions on meaningful emotional bonds between members of the society are represented in the language use it promotes. As a religious fundamentalist regime, the orchestrators of Gilead use the Bible selectively and falsify passages to seemingly legitimise their brutal and immoral principles. Power in this society is at its most basic level, of who can do what to whom, and there is a strict hierarchical system with male authority figures, the senior Commanders, Eyes and various military personnel being empowered to a degree by the regime. Women are treated as second-class citizens, and are separated within their own gender to different levels of power and freedoms according to their reproductive ability and class. The main strategy of the regimes creators is to group the public in prescribed roles, to diminish the possibility for individuality, bond...

Reviewing Prefix, Suffix, and Root Word Vocabulary

Reviewing Prefix, Suffix, and Root Word Vocabulary This exercise will give you practice in recognizing and using common prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Instructions For each sentence below, study the one word thats in bold print. See if you can identify the root word (or base) along with any prefixes and/or suffixes that are attached to it. After you have filled in all the blanks, compare your answers with those below. We watched a preview of the new Pixar movie.Root: ____________​Prefix: ____________The dancing cat was seen by more than two-million YouTube viewers.Root: ____________Suffix: ____________The teacher handed out paper hearts to the students who had done extra work.Root: ____________Suffix: ____________The magician made the rabbit disappear.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________At the end of his performance, the magician made a graceful bow to the audience.Root: ____________Suffix: ____________Shyla asked the magician for his autograph.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Because of the lightness of the breeze, the sailboat moved quite slowly.Root: ____________Suffix: ____________Despite the heaviness of his backpack, Jack raced up the hill.Root: ____________Suffix: ____________Some dogs are shy or unfriendly, and they might bark or snap if you try to pet them.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________Esther quickly reopened the door and called for her cat.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________ We stood on a bluff overlooking the ocean.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________In todays world, no part of the globe is unreachable.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________My father never let anyone see him dressed informally.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________Everyone thought that Mr. Darcy was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________Preschoolers should have plenty of opportunities to run, play, and listen to stories.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________The speaker pointed out the unfairness of blaming high schools for the poor preparation of college freshmen in reading, writing, and math.Root: ____________Prefix: ____________Suffix: ____________ Answers Below are the answers to the exercise: Root:Â  viewPrefix:Â  pre-Root:Â  viewSuffix:Â  -ersRoot:Â  teachSuffix:Â  -erRoot:Â  appearPrefix:Â  dis-Root:Â  graceSuffix:Â  -fulRoot:Â  graphPrefix:Â  auto-Root:Â  lightSuffix:Â  -nessRoot:Â  heavySuffix:Â  -nessRoot:Â  friendPrefix:Â  un-Suffix:Â  -lyRoot:Â  openPrefix:Â  re-Suffix:Â  -edRoot:Â  lookPrefix:Â  over-Suffix:Â  -ingRoot:Â  reachPrefix:Â  un-Suffix:Â  -ableRoot:Â  formalPrefix:Â  in-Suffix:Â  -lyRoot:Â  agreePrefix:Â  dis-Suffix:Â  -ableRoot:Â  schoolPrefix:Â  -preSuffix:Â  -ersRoot:Â  fairPrefix:Â  un-Suffix:Â  -ness

Tort Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tort Law - Assignment Example Besides, in a contractual relationship, the responsibility imposed by law is in the directions of the other party, by whom there is privity of agreement. In tort, the responsibility lies in the directions of the members of the public or world at large, with whom there is no requirement for any contract. â€Å"A tort is a civil wrong for which the legal remedy is an action brought by means of civil proceedings by or on behalf of the injured party for damages or some other legal remedy desired by the person who has suffered the wrong† (Law of Torts Including MV Accident and Consumer Protection Laws-I 1). Fact of the Case: The case provides a summary of the gas leakage in Pub. And also this particular case brings out the various ethical matters concerned in the disaster. Ben, who is the employer of the Maid Marion Gas Company, carelessly fixed pipe work which caused leakage of gas into the pub. Chef of the pub Charlie lit a gas in the kitchen and consequently this caused a blast and fire in the pub. So, Donald the barman, suffered harsh burns and consequently a recurrence of the clinical depression from, which he had undergo some long ago. Parties involved: Parties involved in this case are, Alan, Emma, Charlie and Donald. Alan can claim against the Maid Marion Gas Company for nervous shock and negligence. In tort law, Negligence is depends on the existence of a contravention of the obligation of care, owed by one person to another. Alan came home later, subsequent to the fire, and saw that his pub had been completely destroyed. He was so distress that he is till date suffering from insomnia and nervousness. Company should take due care for preventing any kind of the leakage. Gas is such a hazardous substances and leakage of gas can create lots of tragedy in the society. And also, it will create environmental pollution in the society. Here the leakage is mainly because of the careless on the part of the employer Ben. But at the same time, it is the duty of the company to check all those things because it is such a toxic substance. Emma and Charlie are the secondary victims of the gas leakage. Because of this, they faced nervous shock. So, they also can claim against the Maid Marion Gas Company for the nervous shock. Charlie is the chef of the pub, he lit a gas stove in the pub kitchen and a few minutes later this caused a blast and fire in the pub. That time he was outside in the garden, he was not injured in the explosion but felt himself accountable for the injuries undergone by his co-worker, and has now had a nervous breakdown. Like Emma, who is the girlfriend of Donald and also who had lived with Donald for some years, reached at his hospital bed some hours later, after he had an emergency operation. She was extremely shocked to see him greatly bandaged. Since then she has not slept sound and has suffered panic attacks. And also, Donald can claim compensation from Ben and Maid Marion Gas Company for the injury that he has faced. Donald can also claim under Workman Compensation, because his injury was caused at the time of work and also in the working premises. Donald is the primary victim of the tragedy. Both Ben and Company are jointly liable for the injury of Donald. They are also liable for the vicarious liability and negligence. â€Å"Vicarious liability is the principle of law that holds one party liable for the acts (or inactions) of another† (Beyer 3). Vicarious liability, which is general in some parts of law, refers to lawful duty for the actions of another. If a rule holds X accountable for Y's actions, then X's responsibility is said to be vicarious. Conclusion: A tort is an offence that is privately impeached, usually for damages, though some tort

Multiple Intelligences and its relationship to curriculum development Research Paper

Multiple Intelligences and its relationship to curriculum development - Research Paper Example Similar to machines, MI theory improves learners’ cognitive skills. It motivates learners to ponder about content outside usual limits, and from various points of view. Parents, educators, and community supporters are attracted to the discipline. As learners embark on the course of physical activity and health management, they begin to think about their ties to specific socio-cultural ideals and objectives, government rules and agendas, and community programs (Sternberg & Williams, 1998). Diverse and new cultural, political, and social theories contribute to the scope and importance of health education. This essay has two objectives: (1) to recommend a structure for health education, (2) to provide a brief overview of the theory of multiple intelligences (MI) theory, and (3) to show how MI theory develops teaching practices, curriculum development, and student performance related to the behaviors, competencies, and knowledge related to health management. ... eories of intelligence can offer a neutral basis between the perspective that there is an exclusive mechanism in which minds function and the idea that every mind is distinct (Armstrong, 2000). Obviously, theories are just assumptions; but in trying to understand the workings of the mind and, in particular, the intelligences in classroom, a relevant theory can assist teachers in understanding the unexpected behaviors and attitudes that students show. Practically every facet of classroom life, one way or another, created around what educators would like children to gain knowledge of and become skilled at, and how they perceive they are most likely to achieve it. In traditional classroom settings, desks or armchairs are organized in a row and students sit obediently and silently much of the day. In alternative classroom settings, there are work areas or stations, each assigned for individual forms of activity. From the actual structure of the room, to the contents of homework, to the i ssues raised in class discussions, to the materials given, each step a teacher takes shows, to a certain extent, a thought about learning and intelligence. The Implication of Multiple Intelligence (MI) Theory for Teaching and Curriculum Development The theory of multiple intelligences poses numerous issues for curriculum development and classroom practice. Should educators make an effort to cultivate all forms of intelligences evenly or should they concentrate on determining and enhancing the strengths of children? Should education institutions provide a broader range of courses or should they continue a fixed curriculum and give more diverse means of involving learners in the traditional subjects? It is essential to bear in mind that MI is not a goal as such. If a teacher claims, â€Å"I

Cognitive- behavioural approaches to counselling Essay Example for Free

Cognitive- behavioural approaches to counselling Essay This essay is written to compare the counselling relationship in person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling by outlining both the theory and practice of the counselling relationship. This will be done by outlining the theory of the counselling relationships and the theory in practice. Both person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling are widely recognised, successful treatments. There are however many significant differences between the two. Cognitive-behavioural therapy is based on scientific study taking two therapies, cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy, and combining the two. Behavioural therapy is based on the fact that people can learn behaviours through classical conditioning, which was first recorded by Ivan Pavlov at the end of the nineteenth century, and operant conditioning (Skinner, 1953. ) Therapists believed what the behavioural therapists were helping their clients to do, such as encouraging self- assertion and self-understanding to help develop new approaches to dealing with life, incorporate a wide range of cognitive processes including decision-making and problem-solving. Beck (1976) founded cognitive-behavioural therapy after becoming disillusioned by psychoanalytic methods. (McLeod J. 008) Person-centred counselling is a non-scientific therapy developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s. It is a humanistic approach where it is believed that the client needs to feel valued and understood for them to be able to develop a self-awareness so they are able to deal with any difficult situation they feel they are in, giving them the power to change their own lives. Person-centred therapy is non-direct approach where the therapist and client develop an equal friendship to develop trust between the two, creating a safe therapeutic environment which enables the client to figure out what makes them the way they are. When the client begins to trust their feelings and become emotionally confident they can begin to find the answers to their own problems within themselves. For this to happen a core conditions model is in place. Without these conditions this type of therapy would not be effective (Rogers, C. 1957. ) Therapist-Client Psychological Contact- A relationship which two people have impact on each other and the therapist needs to be engaged by the client. Client incongruence, or Vulnerability- The client needs to be in a state of incongruence, feel that their real self is not how they would ideally like be. The client is also vulnerable to anxiousness which means they will be motivated stay in the relationship. (McLeod, J. 2008) Therapist Congruence or Genuineness- The therapist needs to be congruent within the therapeutic relationship- needs to be genuine in dealing with the client and use their own experience to enable the relationship. Unconditional Positive Regard- The therapist needs to have unconditional positive regard for the client. Acceptance, empathy and genuineness without judgement, is needed for the client to feel a higher sense of self-regard so they can realise that their self-worth was distorted by others. The therapist needs to accept the client for who they are now, not what they could become. Empathetic understanding- accurate empathy on behalf of the therapist can help the client believe that the therapist has unconditional love for them. Client Perception- If the therapist communicates to the client their unconditional regard and empathetic understanding to at least a minimal degree this is effective. In contrast cognitive-behavioural therapy is a direct approach where clients are taught how to think and behave in ways in which enables them to obtain their goals. They are not told what it is they want, but instead how to achieve the goals they may have this develops a student (client) and teacher (therapist) relationship. In order for this to be successful, intervention techniques are used to ensure that the goals agreed with the client is met. (Haaga and Davison1986, Meichenbaum 1986) These include; Systematic desensitization- a relaxation technique is taught to help the client to overcome anxiety to enable them to extinguish their phobias. Once this has been learnt the client must use this to enable them to overcome these by using a fear hierarchy. Homework assignments- practicing techniques learnt in therapy between sessions. Experimenting with different self- statements in everyday situations. Thought stopping- instead of letting anxious thought take over the client learns to use something to interrupt these thoughts such as flicking a rubber band on their wrist. Challenging irrational beliefs- the therapist tries to identify the clients’ irrational beliefs that are causing issues in their life and challenges it so that the client develops a less extreme way they view the problem. Reframing the issues getting the client to perceive a certain emotion as something different. An example of this is perceiving fear as excitement. In vivo exposure- going into highly fearful situations with the therapist whilst they are talking through cognitive-behavioural techniques to help you deal with the situation. Scaling feelings- placing present feeling of anxiety and rating them on a scale off 0-100 is an example of this. Rehearsing different self-statements in role-play in therapy sessions. Assertiveness or social skills training. Although a therapeutic relationship is important in both practices, cognitive -behavioural therapists believe this is not sufficient enough alone to help clients work through their problems, and while many therapists have different styles the main cognitive behavioural therapy programme have an outlined structure in place. (Kuehnel and Liberman 1986; Freeman and Simon 1989,) which is the main focus. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy is more client action orientated to produce a change in the way they think which then will lead to a change in the way the client will behave. However in Person-centred therapy a therapeutic process is put in place as a series of stages. These stages help promote a therapeutic change in the client or a â€Å"process of greater openness to experience† (McLeod, J. 2008. ) (Rogers, C. 1951) considered the management of therapeutic growth as including the awareness of the clients of any experiences they have been denied. They stop seeing the world in a generalised view and begin to see it differently. This enables them to rely on their personal experience to create their own set of values. These personal developments lead to a â€Å"reorganization of self† (Rogers, C. 1951) and is vital to develop new behaviours. In conclusion although both approaches to counselling realise that a counselling relationship is important, person-centred therapists believe that the counselling experience and effectiveness of the therapy is determined solely on that of the relationship. Cognitive-behavioural therapists find, through past experiments other techniques, such as systematic desensitization and behavioural self-control, are equally important to the success of the therapy.

The Magnificent Mary Leakey Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Paper

The Magnificent Mary Leakey Mary Leakey died on December 9, 1996. She loved to smoke Dutch cigars, as if everyday were some kind of celebration; strong tobacco was one of her vices. Hers was a life of constant commencement. She never attended colleges, though she did receive numerous honorary degrees in Britain and America: "I have worked for them by digging in the sun," she said. She first gained recognition in 1948 for discovering a 16 million year old fossilized cranium of a hominid thought to be the missing link, one she called "Proconsul". But she only found it and named it. "I never felt interpretation was my job," she said. "What I came to do was to dig up things and take them out as well as I could. There is so much that we do not know, and the more we do know, the more we realize that early interpretations were completely wrong. It is good mental exercise, but people get so hot and nasty about it, which I think is ridiculous." She really was a no-nonsense woman, one who was perhaps more preoccupied with nonsense than she realized. As an explorer of concrete material, her primary and determined pursuit of fossils, bones, and human origins antagonized the speculative nature of her profession. She found beauty in the tangible history of human ancestry. "What was it like?" was simply not a question she entertained. More important was the question "What was it?" Once, three "man-apes," as Leakey called them, traversed a plain, accidentally leaving some of the most formidable scientific data we have about our ancestor-cousins. Is that how it happens? Is our universe a continuum of chaos out of which we construct a simplicity that is both pleasing and functional? And is ours a reality by these attempts—or perhap... ...familiarity. Embarkation begins with a choice, and choice is a product of self-consciousness. We have been alive for so long, as has love and anger, resolve and obsession. With the million and one options that fight for our attention in a hyper-society like our own, reluctance can cost us everything. As a society, as a species, progress is our handle, the drive toward better and more hopeful situations is our enterprise. But the drive is also a specific one, localized and partitioned in every individual to find the next best condition. For senior preschoolers to senior graduate students to senior citizens transitioning into eternity, the origin of our motions are the same: the inescapable need to move on as where we are no longer suits us. Who were these individuals? Who were these three who walked together in the rain? The answer is simple and magnificent. The Magnificent Mary Leakey Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Paper The Magnificent Mary Leakey Mary Leakey died on December 9, 1996. She loved to smoke Dutch cigars, as if everyday were some kind of celebration; strong tobacco was one of her vices. Hers was a life of constant commencement. She never attended colleges, though she did receive numerous honorary degrees in Britain and America: "I have worked for them by digging in the sun," she said. She first gained recognition in 1948 for discovering a 16 million year old fossilized cranium of a hominid thought to be the missing link, one she called "Proconsul". But she only found it and named it. "I never felt interpretation was my job," she said. "What I came to do was to dig up things and take them out as well as I could. There is so much that we do not know, and the more we do know, the more we realize that early interpretations were completely wrong. It is good mental exercise, but people get so hot and nasty about it, which I think is ridiculous." She really was a no-nonsense woman, one who was perhaps more preoccupied with nonsense than she realized. As an explorer of concrete material, her primary and determined pursuit of fossils, bones, and human origins antagonized the speculative nature of her profession. She found beauty in the tangible history of human ancestry. "What was it like?" was simply not a question she entertained. More important was the question "What was it?" Once, three "man-apes," as Leakey called them, traversed a plain, accidentally leaving some of the most formidable scientific data we have about our ancestor-cousins. Is that how it happens? Is our universe a continuum of chaos out of which we construct a simplicity that is both pleasing and functional? And is ours a reality by these attempts—or perhap... ...familiarity. Embarkation begins with a choice, and choice is a product of self-consciousness. We have been alive for so long, as has love and anger, resolve and obsession. With the million and one options that fight for our attention in a hyper-society like our own, reluctance can cost us everything. As a society, as a species, progress is our handle, the drive toward better and more hopeful situations is our enterprise. But the drive is also a specific one, localized and partitioned in every individual to find the next best condition. For senior preschoolers to senior graduate students to senior citizens transitioning into eternity, the origin of our motions are the same: the inescapable need to move on as where we are no longer suits us. Who were these individuals? Who were these three who walked together in the rain? The answer is simple and magnificent.

My Car Crash Crisis

How could my dad and brother survive without gravy with our Sunday dinner? Unfortunately the store cupboard was sadly lacking in anything resembling< â€Å"Bisto†, none the less myself and my little sister were strapped into the back of Mum's car trying to find one of those little shops which my mum describes as â€Å"life savers† for the working mother where she could purchase some gravy granules and ensure that peace reigned at the Sunday dinner table. I should add at this stage my mother was heavily pregnant with my little brother. I personally had no objection to this little excursion as it gave me the opportunity to get some sweets. Then again I was thinking I would probably get plenty of sweets at my friend Suzanne's party which I was due to go to that afternoon. I was really looking forward to Suzanne's party. All those different coloured balloons just waiting to be burst but little did I know that it was my â€Å"happiness balloon† which was about to be burst. Mum was driving along the road and was pulling into her little Filling Station lifesaver. As we pulled across I saw a brown jeep heading towards us but it didn't seem to be slowing down. I was strapped in the back passenger seat and my little sister Kathy was in her baby seat I could hear my mum shout but I am not sure what she said. She tried to make it to the car park but even Michael Schumacher would have found it impossible. I remember vividly seeing the lady driver of the other vehicle. Her face was white and her mouth was open and her eyes filled with fear. That split second seemed to last forever and was only interrupted by the wailing screech of brakes. Time was once again frozen as my mind filled with questions-what would happen to my mum? -What would happen to my sister? -What would happen to me? All our lives were hanging on this frozen moment in time especially mine as the jeep was heading straight for the rear passenger door. The noise of metal striking erupted as pieces of the car door, the car pillar and a shower of glass made contact with my body. The front passenger seat came crashing backwards jamming my leg. Fortunately I was wearing my seatbelt otherwise I feel sure I would have gone either over my baby sister or straight through the window. I suddenly had a flash back of my brother and I driving along the road at the edge of a ravine where there was no fence at the edge of the road and I was frightened of our car falling down the steep mountainside into the valley below. My brother reassured me and told me that all I had to do was brace myself. I grabbed his cyber pet ad clung desperately to it. I could feel wet fluid rolling down my face and the screams of my little sister with her eyes scrunched up as she screeched uncontrollably. My mum was already out of the car at this stage and undoing our belts. I realised the fluid running down was in fact tears not blood. In the distance I could hear sirens blazing. As my mum continued to fumble with the seatbelts and try and extract my little sister and me from the car I saw a †¦ smiling policewoman looking in at me. She offered me her hand but when I got out I realised I had forgotten my brothers cyber pet so I broke free from the policewoman's grasp and grabbed it. She then took me to the side of the pavement beside my mum and little sister and set us all on the adjoining wall. She reassured me that my mum, sister and I would all be okay. I began to shiver uncontrollably and my head started to spin and it was only then that I became aware of the gash on my leg. I just could not seem to get warm realising this a policeman came over and gave me his jacket whilst my mum phoned my dad and called him to the scene. I remember my mum crying, as she was concerned about my sister, her unborn child and myself. The lady in the other car was very supportive and friendly but I was so glad when dad arrived and took us home. My mum was very keen to take me to hospital to have me checked out but I could not bear to be taken anywhere strange or to be parted from my family. I just wanted the warmth comfort and protection of our own home. When we got home mum and dad cuddled us on the settee and gave us a warm blanket with cups of steaming hot chocolate thankfully our next door neighbour who is a GP came and tended to us. Thank goodness no one received any serious injury and my cuts and bruises soon healed. When I look back on the accident I feel very glad I had my seat belt on because otherwise my injuries would have been much worse and I am also glad my mum was driving a large heavy car which absorbed a lot of the impact but more than anything ever I realised something for the first time just how precious life is and that we should always try to enjoy each day.

Accused of witchcraft Essay

Parris : Why not? Now there are no spirits attacking her, for none in this room is accused of witchcraft. So let her turn herself cold now, let her pretend she is attacked now, let her faint. (He turns to Mary Warren.) Faint!  Act 3, Page 85  This is when the court first has the idea of getting Mary to prove the other girls are frauds by getting her to pretend to faint. She will not because she is afraid of what the girls will do to her. Or cannot, for fear of the court  This is one of the highest points of tension in the whole play because everything and everyone is focused on Mary, relying on her in one way or another to either tell the truth or to lie. But there is so much pressure on Mary that she can’t say anything. The pressure builds and builds until Mary cracks then Abigail launches a perfectly timed attack. Just when people are confused about whom to believe Abigail turns on Mary and makes them believe her.  The girls turning on Mary is a dramatically effective part in act three. This is because when the girls turn on Mary you feel sorry for her due to the fact she is torn between telling the truth to the court or joining the girls again to prevent them from accusing her.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mary Warren, do you witch her? I say to you, do you send your spirit out?† Danforth, Act 3, Page 87  When Danforth asks her this question Mary snaps and pushes herself away from Proctor.  Mary Warren, Act 3, page 88  This is when Mary’s delicate relationship with Proctor breaks down and she will no longer cover for him and put herself at risk from being accused by the rest of the girls.  Abigail : (Looking about the air, clasping her arms about her as though cold): I – I know not. A wind, a cold wind, has come. (Her eyes fall on Mary Warren.)  Mary : (Terrified, pleading): Abby!  Mercy : (Shivering): Your Honour, I freeze! Proctor : They’re pretending!  Hathorne : (Touching Abigail’s hand): She is cold Your Honour, touch her!  Mercy : (Through chattered teeth ): Mary, Do you send this shadow on me?  Act 3, Page 87  This is when the girls first start to turn on Mary, she is a very fragile person and when they start to turn on her she doesn’t know what to do. She was used to pointing the finger of accusation not having it pointed at her and on her own she can’t cope. So she betrays the truth and goes back to the safety of the girls and being the accuser not the accused. Mary finally breaks down and accuses Proctor of witchcraft. Fearful for her own life, Mary realizes that the only way to save herself is to accuse Proctor of coercing her into attempting to overthrow the court. In this case the accusation contains some truth: Proctor did force Mary Warren into testifying, yet in this case the purpose is to promote true justice rather than to dispute it.  Elizabeth lying to protect Proctor is a dramatically effective part in act three because there is a lot of tension when Elizabeth is brought into the court. Miller uses dramatic irony when Elizabeth doesn’t know that Proctor has confessed to lechery and that they are testing her to see if Proctor was telling the truth. Elizabeth doesn’t know that it is Abigail that is being tried and so she lies to protect her husband but in fact by lying she is in the eyes of the court proving that her husband is a liar. Miller uses the frustration of Proctor as his wife is lying but there is no way he can tell her that by trying to protect him she is actually getting him into more trouble â€Å"Look at me, to your own knowledge, has John Proctor ever committed the crime of lechery! (In a crisis of indecision she cannot speak.) Answer my question! Is your husband a lecher!†Ã‚  Danforth, Act 3, page 91  You can see by this, that Danforth doesn’t give Elizabeth much choice and practically puts the words into her mouth. By saying is your husband a lecher he leaves her no choice but to say â€Å"no†. What kind of woman would call her husband a lecher in front of a court? â€Å"(There is a knock. He calls to the door.) Hold! (To Abigail.) Turn your back. Turn your back. (To Proctor.) Do likewise. (Both turn their backs- Abigail with indignant slowness) Now let neither of you turn to face goody proctor. No one in this room is to speak one word, or raise a gesture aye or nay. (He turns towards the door, calls.) Enter!  Danforth, Act 3, Page 90  The Audience feel frustrated because all that Elizabeth has to do is tell the truth and Abigail’s ruthless revenge will be stopped and the truth will be brought to light but there is no way Elizabeth could know this so she does what she thinks is the right thing and tries to protect her husband. In this scene Miller uses dramatic irony very effectively. Danforth makes the trial look fair but in fact gives Elizabeth no choice  but to lie.  Danforth : â€Å"Answer my question! Is your husband a lecher!  Elizabeth : (Faintly): No, sir.  Danforth : Remove her, Marshal.  Proctor : Elizabeth, tell the truth!  Danforth : She has spoken. Remove her!  Proctor : (crying out): Elizabeth, I have confessed it!  Act 3, Page 91  This point is the dramatic climax of the whole scene because it is the point where Elizabeth finally finds out what she has done, and she is distraught. Hale tries to reason with Danforth when he says, â€Å"Excellency it is a natural lie to tell† this shows that Hale is the voice of reason but for most of the time he is not listened to, like Proctor who spoken sense throughout – both are shut out in their ways. To save her husband from accusations of witchcraft, Elizabeth must condemn him for lechery. Miller establishes that Elizabeth is an honest woman who never lies, yet at the moment in which her honesty is most critical she chooses the noble yet practical lie that she believes will defend her husband. As Hale notes, it is a natural lie for Elizabeth Proctor to tell, yet an incredibly ill timed one; Elizabeth Proctor chooses dishonesty at the precise moment that her integrity matters the most. Act 3 of ‘The Crucible’ is so effective because Arthur Miller uses a wide variety of emotions for his characters and a good variety of action. One minute the scene can be rather quiet with just simple conversation and the next minute it can be very chaotic with characters hurling accusations and abuse at each other. The reason this play is so effective is because Miller uses moments of calm as well as moments of extreme action, if it was just action, action, action all the time the audience would become immune to it and the really important parts wouldn’t stick in your mind as much. Act 3 is relevant to the play as a whole because it is the Act where a lot of important things happen and it is the most dramatic, with a lot of tension and anger between different characters. It is what the first two acts have been building up to and you could say it is the climax of the whole play.  When Arthur Miller wrote the play, â€Å"The Crucible† in 1953 the contemporary audience could relate to the play due to the media coverage that was occurring at the time. This era was concerned with the political movement of communism; the McCarthy trials. The contemporary audience saw Miller’s play as relevant because of the effects of mass hysteria- the destruction of the community in Salem. Miller felt that the play had relevance although he didn’t write it for that.  The reason why the crucible is still so widely liked even though the witch trials are long gone is because it demonstrates the terrible effects of mass hysteria and what it can do to normally rational people.  The story reminds its readers of an ugly blemish on human history. It reminds us that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. However, even with these mistakes, we can cleanse ourselves and purify ourselves by making right what is wrong.

How the Phoenicians Settled Carthage

How the Phoenicians Settled Carthage Phoenicians from Tyre (Lebanon) founded Carthage, an ancient city-state in the area that is modern Tunisia. Carthage became a major economic and political power in the Mediterranean fighting over territory in Sicily with the Greeks and Romans. Eventually, Carthage fell to the Romans, but it took three wars. The Romans destroyed Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War, but then rebuilt it as a new Carthage. Carthage and the Phoenicians Although Alpha and Beta are Greek letters that give us our word alphabet, the alphabet itself comes from the Phoenicians, at least conventionally. Greek myth and legend credit the dragon-teeth-sowing Phoenician Cadmus as not only founding the Boeotian Greek city of Thebes but bringing the letters with him. The 22-letter abecedary of the Phoenicians contained only consonants, some of which had no equivalent in Greek. So the Greeks substituted their vowels for the unused letters. Some say that without the vowels, it was not an alphabet. If vowels arent required, Egypt can also make a claim for the earliest alphabet. Were this the only contribution of the Phoenicians, their place in history would be assured, but they did more. So much, it seems as though jealousy prompted the Romans to set out to annihilate them in 146 B.C.  when they razed Carthage and were rumored to have salted its earth. The Phoenicians are also credited with: Inventing glass.The bireme (two tiers of oars) galley.The luxurious purple dye is known as Tyrian.Circumnavigating Africa.Navigating by the stars. The Phoenicians were merchants who developed an extensive empire almost as a by-product of their quality merchandise and trading routes. They are believed to have gone as far as England to buy Cornish tin, but they started in Tyre, in an area now part of Lebanon, and expanded. By the time the Greeks were colonizing Syracuse and the rest of Sicily, the Phoenicians were already (9th century B.C.) a major power in the middle of the Mediterranean. The principal city of the Phoenicians, Carthage, was located near modern Tunis, on a promontory on the Northern Coast of Africa. It was a prime spot for access to all areas of the known world. The Legend of Carthage After the brother of Dido (famed for her role in Vergils Aeneid) killed her husband, Queen Dido fled her palace home in Tyre to settle in Carthage, North Africa, where she sought to buy land for her new settlement. Coming from a nation of merchants she cleverly asked to buy an area of land that would fit within an ox hide. The local inhabitants thought she was a fool, but she got the last laugh when she cut the oxhide (byrsa) into strips to enclose a large area, with the sea coast acting as one border. Dido was the queen of this new community. Later, Aeneas, on his route from Troy to Latium, stopped in Carthage where he had an affair with the queen. When she found that he had abandoned her, Dido committed suicide, but not before cursing Aeneas and his descendants. Her story is an important part of Vergils Aeneid and supplies a motive for the hostility between the Romans and Carthage. At length, in dead of night, the ghost appearsOf her unhappy lord: the specter stares,And, with erected eyes, his bloody bosom bares.The cruel altars and his fate he tells,And the dire secret of his house reveals,Then warns the widow, with her household gods,To seek a refuge in remote abodes.Last, to support her in so long a way,He shows her where his hidden treasure lay.Admonishd thus, and seizd with mortal fright,The queen provides companions of her flight:They meet, and all combine to leave the state,Who hate the tyrant, or who fear his hate....At last they landed, where from far your eyesMay view the turrets of new Carthage rise;There bought a space of ground, which (Byrsa calld,From the bulls hide) they first inclosd, and walld.Translation from (www.uoregon.edu/~joelja/aeneid.html) of Vergils Aeneid Book I Vital Differences of the People of Carthage The people of Carthage seem more primitive compared to modern sensibilities than the Romans or Greeks for one main reason: They are said to have sacrificed humans, babies, and toddlers (possibly their first born to ensure fertility). There is controversy over this. Its hard to prove one way or the other since millennia-old human remains dont easily tell whether the person was sacrificed or died some other way. Unlike the Romans of their time, the leaders of Carthage hired mercenary soldiers and had a capable navy. They were extremely adept at trade, a fact that allowed them to rebuild a profitable economy even after the setbacks of military defeat during the Punic Wars, which included  a yearly tribute to Rome of almost 10 tons of silver. Such wealth allowed them to have paved streets and multi-story homes, compared with which proud Rome looked shabby. Source North African News Letter 1, by John H. Humphrey. American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 82, No. 4 (Autumn, 1978), pp. 511-520

Smart Alternatives for SAT Practice Tests

Smart Alternatives for SAT Practice Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You probably already know that the gold standard for studying for the SAT is to use the official practice tests released by the College Board. Unfortunately, theSAT is getting completely redesigned after January 2016 – and there aren’t that many official questions for the new test yet. But the great news is that there are many ways to use otherresources to study effectively! Questions from other standardized tests, materials from your high school education, magazines and other publications –there is no shortage of ways to practice the knowledge and skills you’ll need for the new SAT! In this article, I’ll go through each section of the new SAT and talk about all the possible alternatives to regular practice questions. When it comes to the SAT redesign, the world really is your oyster. Which SAT Are You Studying For? After January 2016, the SAT will undergo a dramatic redesign. Each section will undergo major changes to both the format of the questions and the content that they cover. The main big picture change is that the SAT will no longer focus on testing skills and knowledge in isolation. For example, instead of checking your understanding of vocabulary or grammar through single sentences, the new SAT’s reading and writing sections will be entirely passage-based and depend a lot more on your ability to understand ideas in context. Sherlock Holmes: understandingincontext since 1887. In general, if you’re in the Class of 2016 or 2017, our advice is to take thecurrent version of the SAT (maybe even the ACT). That way you can take advantage of existing study resources. For some options, read ourroundup of the best SAT books, sometips for better test taking, and our detailed and extensive guides to the current SAT’smath,reading,writing, andessay sections. In this article, I'll describe how best to use alternative resourcesto study for the new SAT (the one that will be given after January 2016). Alternative Resources and the Best Way to Use Them Getting better scores on the SAT comes from better mastery of content and greater familiarity with format. In other words, to do well on the new SAT, you have to understand the math, grammar, logic, and writing concepts that are being tested. And at the same time, you have to have a good sense of timing and pace, the way test questions are phrased, and how the scoring system works. The best way to have the format start to feel like second nature is to use official tests from the College Board to imitate test-day conditions as closely as possible However, brushing up on the ideas and key concepts that are tested bySAT questions doesn’t have to be done only through officially released SAT materials. This is good news because there simply aren’t that many official materials available for the new test yet. In fact, since the new SAT tries to test reasoning and logicrather than your ability tospot confusing tricks, you don't need to rely quite as much on SAT guides that help you beat the test's weirdtricks. Instead, you can use published essays to help you understand how authors put arguments together, whichyou'll need for the new essay portion,or use science writing to get familiar with the way graphs and charts work as evidence, which will be key for the new reading questions. Mypoint is that the SAT is now trying to test actual real-world understanding, so using materials from that real world is a great way to build skills. Real-world knowledge? Finally, a chance to wow everyonewith my point-by-point comparison ofthe 7190 and 4504 Millennium Falcons! (R K/Flickr) In the next part of the article, I'll go through each of the new SAT’s sections and explain all the unofficialresources that can be used to study for it. Alternative Study Resources for Each New SAT Section Overall, the new SAT is a big change from the current format. But not each section has been changed to the same degree! I will go through them in order of least to greatest transformation. For a bird's-eye perspective on study approaches, you shouldreadour guide to studying for the new SAT. Math This is far and away the least changed part of the SAT, though there will be slight shiftsin question distribution. For example, there will now be fewer geometry questions and 5% of the questions will be on trigonometry. There will also be a greater emphasis on being able to interpret charts and graphs, and a general move towards more realistic scenarios for questions. Finally, there will be some multi-step questions based on a single problem. Math Content: Algebra – most questions will be about algebra concepts Geometry – now less than 10% of the test Basic trigonometry – now about 5% of the test Data interpretation – using graphs and charts Alternative Study Resources for Math Practice Tests: Old SAT math sections. These can help zero in on your knowledge and skill weaknesses, if youuse a notebook to keep track of your mistakes. These are also probably the closest to what you’ll see on test day. Companion books to official old SAT tests. Combining books that explain the answers toold SAT questionswith the notebook method could be a great way to figure out exactly why you are making the mistakes you’re making – and in turn this will help you isolate the content you need to review. Online SAT-style math questions. Although question banks written by other companies don’t tend to faithfully represent actual SAT questions, they are perfectly fine for studying content and for getting in even more practice with your math weak points. Check out ouroverview of the best question bank websites. SAT review books. There are so many of these that we have put together areview of the best ones to make your life easier. Your math textbook or an online version. Few SAT-type materials have questions on trigonometry because it has never been included on the SAT before. To review it or relearn it, you have to go back to the source. You can also tryKhan Academy’s math zone for the same thing. ACT math questions. Not only is the material covered quite similar, but the ACT also includes trigonometry. Trigonometry: where sin(gerine) / cos(gerine) = tan(gerine) Writing and Literature (previouslyReading and Writing) The old SAT’s separate Reading and Writing sections will now be combined into one section called Writing and Literature. Questions will now be entirely passage-based and will come from 1 passage on US and World Literature, 2 on History/Social Studies, and 2 on Science. Reading Content: Defining vocabulary in context – figuring out complex words through the role they play in a passage Logic and argumentation – identifying the way arguments are structured Evidence support questions – understanding how evidence is used to make arguments Data interpretation – making sense of charts and graphs used as evidence in nonfiction writing Alternative Study Resources for Reading Practice Tests: Passage-based reading questions from the old SAT. These won't be exactly like the ones on the new test, but they can help you practice context-based questions. For help onhow to tackle passage-based questions, read our guide. Passage-based reading questions in SAT review books. We havea list of the best ones for critical reading skills, so you don’t drown in the almost limitless choices out there. ACT Reading questions. The ACT Reading is also based on interpreting passages, so this is a useful source for more multiple-choice questions. GRE Reading Comprehension questions. The GRE Reading Comprehension passages (in the GRE Verbal Reasoning section of that test) are pitched at a higher level than the old SAT. If you are already a medium- to high-scoring student, thisis a great way to be exposed to more complex reading passages and questions. ACT Science questions. This suggestion may seem to come out of left field, but because the new SAT will feature data interpretation questions, ACT Science is a great place to test your graph and chart understanding skills. AP Language and AP Literature multiple choice section questions. These questions are all passage-based, and focus on the complexities of passage structure and logic. They are pitched at a higher level than the SAT, but if you do well on these, you’ll be fine on the SAT as well. Vocabulary guides. The new test will approach vocabulary very differently (only in context), but it could still help to check out ourfree set of 200 flashcardsof the most frequently occurring words on the old SAT as well as ourexplanation of the most effective way to use them. Read widely – particularly nonfiction. Books, magazines, and newspapers are great for gaining familiarity with the kind of language you will encounter on the new SAT. They'll also give you thebackground knowledge to help you understand reading passages better. Finally, they'll show you real-world examples of how charts, graphs, and other visual data representation areused as evidence in a passage. I recommend a weekly deep dive into a few articles fromWired, Grantland, The Atlantic, Slate, or FiveThirtyEight.If you have access to a subscription, you can also readThe Economist, the New York Times, Time Magazine, the magazine Science, or The New Yorker. I'll practice reading passages. I'll learn grammar and vocab. But charts and graphs? That's where I draw the line! Writing Content: Grammar – explaining grammar as it relates to the passage Punctuation rules – the proper way to use punctuation to clarify meaning Paragraph organization and logic – how individual sentences work within paragraphs, and how paragraphs are organized for logical flow Alternative Study Resources for Writing Practice Tests: Improving Passages questions on old SATs. These aren’t exactly like the questions you will find on the new SAT, but they will drill some of the same content. Grammar guides. Though there will be less gotcha-type grammar questions, you still need to know these rules of writing cold. To brush up, read through ourthorough explanation of SAT grammar. ACT English questions. These are already all passage-based and cover similar content, so they makeuseful toolsfor practicing your skills. Reading widely will help with this section as well. The more you read, the more language is embedded in your brain, the more you pick up on nuances of syntax and grammar. Read a piece of nonfiction every day! My go-to nonfiction? Science. I read a book on anti-gravity the other day, and couldn't put it down! The Essay The Essay section will be completely different on the new SAT. Not only will it now be 50 minutes long, but it will also be much closer to the essays you’ve been writing all along in high school. Essay Content: Analytical writing – you'll have to analyze an essay and explain how the author builds the argument Using evidence in your writing – your analysis should be supported by evidence from the passage (not examplesyou preslected inpreparation) Close reading – your analysis will necessarily focus not just on big-picture logic, but also deconstruct the author’s use of rhetorical devices and diction (also known as word choice) Alternative Study Resources for the Essay: AP English Language and Composition –Free Response Question 2.This part of the APtestalso asks you what the author is arguing and how the author is doing it – exactly what you will need to be able to do on the SAT. Things you learned in English class. Look through your notes, through your English class textbook, and over the essays you’ve written throughout high school to refresh your memory about the kind of writing you will have to do on this part of the SAT. Focus on close reading and learning to recognize rhetorical devices – hyperbole, figurative language, metaphors and similes, and other techniques to produce a response in the reader. Guides to the standard 5-paragraph essay. You will still be able to successfully use this format to answer the essay section of the SAT. For many explanations of the structure, search for â€Å"5-paragraph essay.† Excellent essays written by others. Reading well-written essays can help you understand how essays work and how authors structure arguments and ideas. Being very familiar with the genre makes itmuch easierto analyze the essay text you'll get on the SAT. You may pick up some helpful ideas for your own writing as well!One great source of excellent short essays isThe Electric Typewriter. What’s Next? Can’t get enough SAT books? We have more reviews of the best SAT prep books overall, and those books best suited to intense study. Want to explore more online resources? We have compiled a list of all the websites you should be using for your SAT prep. Need a break from all that studying? Relax with somefun SAT facts, feed yourcelebrity gossip cravings, and marvel at theaccomplishments of the famous. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Life After Death by Terence Penelhum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life After Death by Terence Penelhum - Essay Example The article opens with a brief history of the belief in immortality. Immortality of the soul predates Christianity, and therefore Christianity’s belief in life after death. Plato first describes the immortal soul in Phaedo, which details the death of Socrates. Before Socrates dies, he contemplates whether or not the soul can live without the body and if death is something to be feared. Socrates arrives to the conclusion that not only does the soul live on, but death should be embraced as it means that the soul is released from the prison of the body. Through moral reflection, people are able to tend to their soul, gradually releasing it from its physical form, but death ultimately completes this release. The aforementioned belief of death being embraced is what separates Plato’s belief of immortality with Christianity’s belief. Plato believes that death should be embraced, but Christianity, when using Jesus’ agonizing death as an example, suggests that death should be feared. Christianity perceives death as the most horrifying experience that someone can face because it is the destruction of a person. This goes against Plato’s theory that death is a release; Socrates did not fear death, but Jesus did. This concept is elaborated further when the Christian belief of resurrection is considered, which also goes against Plato’s theory of the immortal soul. Christians hope that God will completely re-create what he has permitted death to destroy. Penelhum focuses less attention on the soul and resurrection. He points out the fact that if the new body is drastically transformed from the original body, the concept of survival is defeated. The soul may be th e same, but if the new body is significantly different from the old body, resurrection is not as much of a success as people are led to believe. One’s soul cannot be identified by someone else, and if a transformed body cannot be recognized, the person did not necessarily survive. The soul living on without a body has sparked more controversy and speculation. Human intelligence, such as seeing, hearing, and being emotionally expressive, are all physical aspects and cannot be accessed with a body. If this is the case, survival is pointless and the soul would just simply exist. It is considered that disembodied survivors might have mental lives, that their thoughts can materialize in the world, but they would still lack the ability to perceive, which further points to a pointless existence. A disembodied soul may not even know if there are others nearby, nor would it be able to perceive a living human being. Self-identity of a disembodied soul is an even more difficult concept to grasp. Without physical characteristics, it becomes almost impossible to recognize a disembodied soul. There would have to be substitute for the feature that establishes an identity. We would have to use mental features instead of physical to identify someone, which may or may not be a possibility. Hume believes that humans retain some form of identity in terms of mental factors, as opposed to physical factors, which would be useful in the possibility of resurrection. He looks to memory as a method to identify a soul. Unfortunately, unless a person has concrete memories, nobody could survive a disembodied form. People are capable of remembering events that they were never part of or witnessed, which makes memory as a means of identity an uncertain method. For it to work, there would have to be something more stable beneath the thoughts, images, and feelings. Penelhum concludes that all of the theories of life