Hinduism and Buddhism - 976 Words

Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the world’s most influential and greatest religions. Buddhism is a religion based on the teachings of the awakened one (Abrams), and Hinduism is the oldest of the world’s greatest religions (Rice). Both of these religions arose in South Asia, thus they share similar culture and philosophy; however, they also contrast greatly with each other in many other aspects. By comparing the rituals of worship of the two religions it is proven that Hinduism worships various deities, whereas Buddhism does not worship any. Rituals of worship such as puja and meditation are practiced in both religions, nevertheless the way and purpose of how they are done differ. Although Hinduism and Buddhism have almost the same†¦show more content†¦Furthermore of all the dissimilarities in meditation, Hinduism and Buddhism have many things in common too. In Hinduism and Buddhism the aim of this ritual is to follow the path towards nirvana or moksha, which a re the liberation from the eternal life cycle. As both religions have almost the same purposes for practicing meditation, the way in which it is done is very related: the meditator is concentrating to free their mind for desire and to enter into a peaceful state, in the meantime the person must be reciting mantras, chants, or in the case of Buddhism, the three jewels. In brief, meditation allows people to feel more connected with their community, and to identify themselves as a member of each religion. The process of creating my essay has been quite stressful. First off because I was almost the last person in choosing the essay topic, thus when my turn came there were not many options available to choose from. After choosing my topic, I needed to choose which religions I would be comparing. As we had done Buddhism and Hinduism before the CPT was given to us, I chose to compare and contrast both religions, which seemed really captivating to me. I have learned many new things that I have not learned before while I was doing my research work. For instance, I now understand better the purposes of rituals for other religions, especially for Hinduism andShow MoreRelatedHinduism, Hinduism And Buddhism1205 Words   |  5 Pagesafterlife has become a controversial subject across many religions. Religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism have provided a multitude of similar and different analysis behind their specific beliefs and practices. Similar to many religions practiced around the world, Hinduism portrays a great amount of belief in worshipping gods that they believe play a special role in their history. Though when speaking of Hinduism, I should mention that it does not consist of a single, dominant religion. It is aRead MoreHinduism : Buddhism And Hinduism1045 Words   |  5 PagesSoutheast Asia, particularly India, is the birthplace of many religions. India is where these two religions arose: Buddhism and Hinduism. Hinduism is a very ancient belief system derived from the lifestyle of Southeast Asia. It still has a strong presence in its place of origin and it is characterized as a family of religions. An offspring of Hinduism, Buddhism is also a family of religions, except it has less of a strong presence in its place of birth. Yet, situated to the East area of the worldRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1641 Words   |  7 PagesSo far we’ve learned about Hinduism and Buddhism in India two of the most common religions found in India. One of the many things about learning about different culture is the religion that is come with. Religion is one of the many things that are unique to each and every culture. Religion views are what make a group of individuals come together and form a community. In core 7 we are learning about Hinduism and Buddhism learning about India and their religion views has helped me see the world inRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1276 Words   |  6 PagesOut of the worlds many beliefs and religions, Buddhism and Hinduism make of about 20% of them (The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050). Hinduism and Buddhism are the most influential and popular in the eastern hemisphere, mostly in and around the Asian continent. These two religions have similar ideologies. So much so that many say that Buddhism is an appendage of Hinduism. Such religions have different religious structures, which allow broader interpr etations toRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism : Buddhism942 Words   |  4 Pages Hinduism and Buddhism Park University Desmond Hutchinson RE307 â€Æ' Abstract Both Hinduism and Buddhism originated in India a very different world and origin than the other main religions. What is now called Hinduism began in India around 2000 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. Minorities in religion Hinduism and Buddhism are still well known and are growing in its followers from all over the world not just limited to the traditional geographical locations. Hinduism and Buddhism are differentRead MoreBuddhism, Hinduism, And Hinduism1817 Words   |  8 Pagespracticed today. Most of these religions are based off the belief in a god, or have a moral code that they need to follow in order to appease their god or achieve salvation in the afterlife. Three religions that will be highlighted here are Buddhism, Sikhism, and Hinduism. In each of these three religions, they all share some religious tenets, or beliefs, that is universally accepted amongst all religions around the world and throughout history. Some of these tenets include the belief in a god or a SupremeRead MoreBuddhism Vs Hinduism : Hinduism1573 Words   |  7 PagesBuddhism vs Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism are two religions that are very open and tolerant of all people. They are religons that believe in acceptance of all and open-mindedness of other religons. Hinduism is the oldest religion on the planet that has been well established and still has a large following. To put it into perspective if religons were under 100 years old Hinduism would be 80 and Judaism and Christianity would still be in their 20s or 30s. Buddhism is also a long-standing religionRead MoreBuddhism and Hinduism881 Words   |  3 PagesSome awesome title I make Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the most philosophical religions around the world. Both religions stem from India before the Common Era and hold ranks as being one of the top five main religions around the world, therefore, having similar origins and philosophies. Hinduism places third as an organized religion and is much older than Buddhism. Hinduism and Buddhism have lasted for centuries and today is widely practiced among the world. Hinduism is considered to be monotheisticRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism1909 Words   |  8 Pages Maryann Lyons Summer 2015 homework A: Hinduism and Buddhism Reflection Answers: 1. I believe that people aren t allowed to leave the caste they are born into because in this religion, they believe that all of your sins and good deeds from your former life are added up to place you in a caste for this life. So, with that being said, if someone leaves their caste it would be considered unfair. 2. In my opinion, Hinduism values religion more than money and nobility. They have a highRead MoreBuddhism Vs Hinduism : Hinduism1773 Words   |  8 Pages05 Taylor Winchester Professor Warber HST 203 October 24, 2015 Buddhism vs. Hinduism According to the book, The Religion of the Hindus, Hinduism is the third oldest world religion that has approximately 300 million followers, most of which live in India. The holy language of Hinduism is the Sanskrit language. Hinduism is considered a religion versus a philosophy. There is no specific founder for Hinduism; however, it is closely related the customs and manner of Hindus, making it rather

Climate Change Is A Hot Topic - 1086 Words

Climate change is a hot topic (pun intended), with supporters on both sides. Some claim that climate change is a hoax, while others agree that it is happening. I believe it is important to understand that the earth’s climate does naturally go through cycles – look at our geological history of ice ages and hothouses – but also recognize that human activity has greatly advanced the rate at which our planet is warming. The planet naturally goes through periods of extreme cooling and heating. That’s why we have had multiple periods of ice age (when polar ice grows far beyond its normal range) and the opposite, hothouse periods (when all the polar ice melts). Currently, we are in an interglacial period (when it’s not too hot nor too cold). Interglacial periods are best for human life because our bodies have not evolved to withstand radical high or low temperatures. Ever since man began to shift from a nomadic hunter-gatherer society to an agrarian society, we have been gradually using more and more of the earth’s natural resources with little thought of the consequences. Britain began its age of exploration because they sought more land to provide them with more natural resources as they had exhausted most of what they previously had. When Britain colonized territory here in North America, they once again had an â€Å"unlimited† supply of huge trees to make large navy ships, and land to grow crops such as tobacco. This began rapid deforestation that still has not stopped. As theShow MoreRelatedClimate Change : A Hot Topic Essay2121 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Recent years, climate change has become a hot topic. Scientists constantly express their concern about the devastating results that the climate change has brought us or about to happen to us. According to a new estimate conducted by Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change, if humans continued using fossil fuels in current rate, the Earth’s average temperature would rise by between 2.6 and 4.8 degrees above pre-industrial levels by 2100, which may result in a series of catastrophicRead MoreClimate Change Is A Hot Topic On Today s World1501 Words   |  7 PagesIt’s no secret that climate change is a hot topic in today’s world. Some believe that it is real, and some don’t, but none the less it is at the center of all debates. Our everyday life and amenities are at the mercy of the climate. Although most people agree that the earth is warming up, they don’t agree on how, why, or the way it will change the future. It is argued that global warming a lso known as climate change, is due to emissions of carbon from human activity into the atmosphere, causingRead MoreGlobal Climate Change Has Become A Hot Topic1778 Words   |  8 PagesGlobal climate change has become a hot topic in recent years. Countries have recently been working together to improve air quality, water systems, and waste management. A large contribution to our climate issue, is how governments and companies release chemicals, and waste into the environment. This law would allow for the people and the government to step in, and make sure companies follow through in keeping the environment safe. The reason this law is necessary, is that the United States is oneRead MoreTeaching Interest Case Study1112 Words   |  5 Pagesthe bigger picture† to be an important component of excellent teaching. For this purpose, I would like to integrate the innovative technologies with the course materials which would be the keys to solve current global environmental change issues and to predict future change. I would like to establish a new course in the emerging field of environmental proteomics with a view to complement ongoing detailed genomic and transcriptomic studies of natural marine communities and studies of adaptation and diversificationRead MoreThe New York Times By Nadine Unger998 Words   |  4 Pagesbelief of planting trees in her article, â€Å"To Save the Planet, Don t Plant Trees,† which was submitted online on September 19, 2014. She wrote this article due to the United Nations(UN) Climate Summit, which took place on September 23, 2014 in New York. The UN Cli mate Summit was a meeting to discuss climate change, where the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon invited leaders of governments, the private sector, and civil society to unite towards a low-carbon world. Unger mentions that they are likelyRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Society1223 Words   |  5 PagesThesis Climate change has been a highly controversial topic for the last couple of decades, in the last decade it has come more ever so pronounced under the public highlight. It is a very highly debatable topic in which many sides both scientific along with general public try to search for answers on if it’s a human caused one or one that just what mother earth herself continually goes though. I will be covering both the scientific reasoning on what might be causing climate change and how virtueRead MoreThe Debate Over Presidential Debates1079 Words   |  5 PagesWhat topics are labeled important enough to be talked about during presidential debates? Topics such as terrorism and national security; the economy; jobs and employment; and the Affordable Care Act and Healthcare all managed to be the center of attention during all debates. What topics were almost entirely ignored? 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This topic however is crowded with lots of baseless opinions and politicized debates. Even when observing the â€Å"facts† we see that this coin is most definitely two-sided, the information can be and is interpreted in a number of ways depending on which side of the issue you stand. Within this paper I am going to examine both sides of argument with sources from two films, â€Å"AreRead MoreImpacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Northern Canada1501 Words   |  7 PagesTopic: impacts of climate change on biodiversity in Northern Canada Climate change, as a change in weather like global warming, has attracted the attention of the public. The issue of climate change has been becoming a global focus of attention for people around the world. Most scientists think that climate change is primarily caused by human activities. Temperature and precipitation shifts directly affect biota, and scientists think that as the climate continues to change, the biodiversity in

Patriarchy and the System Free Essays

Patriarchy is a society system that large than oneself, which means not just about a person’s idea or one’s life. It is something larger than that. It tends to be organized around specific kinds of social idea and relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Patriarchy and the System or any similar topic only for you Order Now And restrictions on the establishment of regular, while the social relations of what is supposed to happen a common understanding of what is allowed and what is the expected behavior of individuals within the system. Race, sex, race, age, class, which was seen as patriarchy is based on the understanding of individualism, which need to increase and modify the action of a major type of personal social characteristics. As stated in Allen G. Johnson’s, Patriarchy, the System, â€Å"To live in a patriarchy culture is to learn what is expected of men and women—to learn the rules that regulate punishment and reward based on how individuals behave and appear. † (p. 74) As we can see, people are generally regulated by a unvisual concept which is patriarchy. This system is subject to personal choice, and only allow each person to choose to participate or in the expected behavior, relationships, and with understanding. These unwritten content has been produced and training with the patriarchal system to shape and guide the acceptance of actions, behaviors and individual experiences. Within the private and public relationship in the structure of patriarchy, patriarchy does use different strategies to maintain gender inequality and these strategies have achieved the status of women’s subordination. Household strategy is considered to be the strategy of exclusionary and inequality. As Kirk and Okazawa-Rey wrote in their article â€Å"Making a Home, Making a Living†, â€Å"The father is the provider while the wife/mother spends her days running the home. This family if regularly portrayed in ads for food, cars, cleaning products, or life insurance, which rely on our recognizing—if not identifying with this symbol of togetherness and care. †(p. 303) This is an example of exclusionary strategy in the private area which is based on household production. The most common situation that women will face can be sexual harassment, age discrimination and against women with disabilities. What is more, women have to balance home and work flextime, such as part-time job, home and mommy track. Also they have to take care of children when they have families. It is unfair to not be able to do both, which stand for successful career and house wife, they have to make decision. Being underestimate the value of women and regulated with patriarchy privilege and oppression, people always expect women to take care of families but to work like a man. The household has a different structure to other institutional form. For example, the workplace. According to Joni Seager, â€Å"women are both â€Å"segregated† and â€Å"concentrated† in the workforce. They are employed in different occupations from men, and are over-represented in a limited number of occupations. † (p. 64) Under the construction of patriarchy, there are â€Å"women’s jobs† and â€Å"men’s jobs†, although the definition of these has changed over time, there still lot of limit for women to work. Usually, women just take a small rang of jobs, their jobs are lack of varieties and are used as low-wage service and industrial labors. Public institution can not oppress or exclude women directly from public structure, this situation force women go back to home and do what people expect them to do. Moreover, the system also regulates the students in universities. In the video â€Å"Playing in the closet: Homophobia in Sports†, the basketball team in Pennsylvania State University exerted pressure on their female basketball players of not to be a lesbian. This is another kind of patriarchy privilege and oppression. What happened in this team was that the coach, who is called Rane Portland, told her players that being a lesbian was forbidden in this team and dislodged some players who were considered to be the lesbian from their basketball team. Under the oppression, female players in this team not only failed their academic and basketball career, but also were traumatized in their bodies and soul. They were asked to fellow the standardization of behavior and were misled to a wrong way of gender differences. This is the way in which public institutions and individuals use their power to reveal how related the structures of patriarchy are. Gender inequality is an outcome of Patriarchy. Radical feminists defined as the patriarchal social system in which all social roles for women are in a subordinate position. Community is divided, being ruled. From this perspective, men are the main class, women are the ruling class. As Johnson Points out in his article, â€Å"because of patriarchy is, by definition, a system of inequality organized around gender categories, we can no more avoid being involved in it than we can avoid being female and male. †(p. 76) Patriarchal attitudes come into being in the family through the socialization process. The family, as a social institution, is a producing area for patriarchal practices by socializing the young people to recognize gender differentiated roles, so ideological factors is the roots of patriarchy. Men in society have a dominant temperament. With the development of socialization, this provides a higher social status of men which in turn led them to fill a social role in which they can exercise mastery over women. Patriarchy probably has the biggest part of gender inequality, it is continuance in this century is result from the reluctance of society to adapt to gender equality. People are fighting against the inequality in the system of privilege and oppression. As stated in Allen G. Johnson’s, Patriarchy, the System, â€Å"We need to see new ways to participate by forging alternative paths of least resistance, for the system doesn’t simply â€Å"run us† like hapless puppets. It may be larger than us, it may not be us, but it doesn’t exist except through us. Without us, patriarchy doesn‘t happen. And that’s where we have power to do something about it and about ourselves in it. † People created human society and developed it, at th e same time people establish a system to control peopel’ s activities and build their though. That means people can change the situation they are in and make it better. According to Seager, J. â€Å"The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World, Sports†,. the author listed the examples that â€Å"the French Open equalized payments to women and men tennis singles champions in 2006, the US Open stared offering equal prize money to women and men in 1968† As we can see, people, especially the female athletes, are challenging the rules that have been established to regulate them. While the female athletes acknowledging the existence of limitations and restrictions, each person has come up with their own efforts, in behavior, to change and improve the reality. Follow the crowd to the path was usually acceptable in the past, but now they choose taking the path of least resistance although it is hard. Independent action or behavior, our personal choice is to create an acceptable and positive against the oppression of patriarchy in our society the only way to change. 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Critical Thinking Scenario Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Question: Discuss about theCritical Thinking Scenariofor Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Answer: Introduction In this case study different aspects of fracture surgery and related complication are going to be discussed. Assessment and intervention provided for Audrey before surgery is going to be discussed. Diagnosis of different conditions and its implication in the surgery as well different drugs and nursing intervention for each drug is going to be discussed. Pre and post operative actions for Audrey are going to be discussed. Intervention Action Rationale Safety Whole blood count Nurse should perform whole blood analysis of Audrey. It is very necessary to perform whole blood count because in patients with Neck of femur fracture, there is possibility of blood loss and it can lead to the anemia. Access to useful requirements Nurse should arrange all the requirements like wheel chair and toe guard near Audrey. As Audrey cant move, all her requirements should be near her or somebody should provide her to prevent further fall. Use of clinical pharmacist Nurse should incorporate clinical pharmacist in the care of Audrey. As Audrey is consuming multiple medicines there is the possibility of adverse reactions. To prevent these adverse reactions and to prevent allergic reaction due to the consumption of multiple drugs, clinical pharmacist should be incorporated. Obtain informed consent. Nurse should obtain informed consent from Audrey. This informed consent is important for improving the understanding of Audrey about potential risks of the procedures. Monitoring Nurse should perform neurovascular and neurological assessment, fall risk assessment. Audrey has habit of early waking up in the morning. Hence, nurse should monitor her specifically in the morning to prevent her fall (Yang et al., 2014). Hygiene and comfort Education Nurse should educate Audrey about the importance of body hygiene and oral hygiene. Nurse should also demonstrate Audrey about the procedures to maintain hygiene. Nurse should assist Audrey in toileting. Educating Audrey about the hygiene would definitely helpful in improving hygiene and prevent infection. There is high possibility of infection in patients with fractures. Bed bath/ Sponge Nurse should provide, catheter, bed bath or sponge to Audrey. As Audrey cant move from her bed, it is very important to give her bed bath or sponge. Identify needs and provide accessories Nurse should identify needs of Audrey for her comfort for sitting, sleeping, eating and other daily activities and provide her with necessary accessories. This would definitely provide more comfort to Audrey. Pain relief Nurse should provide medication for pain relief. To provide comfort. Nutrition Assess consumption of nutrients Nurse should assess consumption of nutrients in Audrey and also administer Audrey with essential nutrients. Patients with back of femur fracture are generally malnourished upon admission to the hospital. Moreover, Audrey has anorexia. Hence, nutrient consumption would be less. Assist in eating Nurse should assist Audrey for eating. Nurse should provide food to Audrey through NBM and IVT. As there is soft tissue injury in the shoulder, it would be difficult for Audrey to eat using hand. In such scenario nurse should assist her in eating. Elimination Assistance and support for elimination Nurse should provide bedpan, urinal, enemas or suppositories to Audrey. Nurse should provide privacy for elimination to Audrey to maintain her dignity. Nurse should provide positioning and hygiene to Audrey. Nurse should also monitor disposal of waste and odor control. Nurse should assist in positioning catheter. It has been observed that Audrey has constipation problem. Audrey also has urinary incontinence. Hence, nurse should provide all the necessary accessories. Activity levels Provide assistance to all the daily activities Nurse should provide assistance to Audrey for her daily activities like brushing, toileting, changing clothes, position changing during bed rest and eating. Due to her fracture she could not move from her position and moreover, she has weakness in her right side. Psychological needs Assess level of anxiety Nurse should assess level of anxiety in Audrey. For this nurse should observe verbal and nonverbal expressions of Audrey. Also, nurse should ask her few questions to assess level of anxiety. . It has also been observed that Audrey is anxious about her dog. Provide psychological calmness Nurse should ask social worker to take care of Audrey. Social worker should ask her not to think about her dog. It has been observed that Audrey is worried about her dog. (Carpenito-Moyet, 2009; Linton, 2015) Diagnosis Atrial fibrillation (AF): Atrial fibrillation is an abnormal condition of the heart in which heart rhythm is irregular and it is exhibited by the rapid and abnormal heart beat. Electrolyte imbalance and sepsis should be treated in AF patient prior to fracture surgery (Carpintero et al, 2014). Hypertension: Hypertension is the condition in which blood pressure is persistently elevated above the normal level (120/80). In studies it has been found that, women with hypertension have less bone mineral density (BMD). It increases the chances of slow healing of fracture. Also, surgery may increase blood pressure of Audrey (Carpintero et al, 2014). Left Cerebrovascular accident (L CVA): L CVA affects sensation and movement of right side of the body. Neck of femur surgery leads to physical inactivity, psychological distress, and pain. It can lead to increased risk of stroke (Jiunn-Horng et al., 2011). Type 2 diabetes: Type 2 diabetes is a long duration condition with increased level of sugar, insulin resistance and resistance to insulin. Hyperglycemia would not affect surgery unless patient is ketotic or dehydrated (Keehan, et al., 2011). Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) : GORD is the long duration condition in which there is acidic contents of the stomach refluxed back into the esophagus. Dyspepsia, abdominal distension and constipation are the common complications occur after surgery and moreover, Audrey already has constipation problem (Carpintero et al, 2014). Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is the condition in which there is reduced strength of the bone which increases possibility of broken bone. Due to this weakening of the bone, there may be problem in the bone surgery (Carpintero et al, 2014). Total hysterectomy: Hysterectomy is the condition in which there is the removal of uterus and cervix. Hysterectomy is the risk factor for the fracture and associated surgery (Melton, et al., 2007). Depression: Depression is the psychological feeling of sever dejection. There is the possibility of post-surgery depression in Audrey due to physical frailty (Phillips et al., 2013). Drugs Digoxin : Digoxin was used in case of Audrey for the treatment of her Atrial fibrillation. Nurse should administer digoxin for controlling heart rate. Nurse should use digoxin cautiously in Audrey because she has urinary incontinence. As digoxin is used with low dose in renal impairment, nurse should adjust dose of digoxin accordingly for Audrey. Warfarin : Warfarin is a anticoagulant which prevents formation of blood clots. As Audrey has haematoma to her left forehead, warfarin was prescribed to her. Generally warfarin should be avoided in patients with GIRD and nurse should keep in mind that Audrey has GIRD. It has been proved in studies that warfarin prolongs fracture surgery time as compared to the other anticoagulant hence it should be avoided in patients with fracture surgery (Ahmed et al., 2014). Coversyl : Coversyl is a angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure. Nurse should monitor Audreys blood pressure before and after administration of Nurse should place Audrey in supine position, if she develops hypotension. There is the possibility of fall in the blood pressure due to the fracture surgery, hence Coversyl should be administered with caution in Audrey (Carpintero et al., 2014). Vitamin D: Vitamin D is responsible for the absorption of calcium and it is useful for osteoporosis in case Audrey. It would also be useful in the management of fracture surgery in Audrey. Metformin: Metformin is generally used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In case of Audrey also it was prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes which reduces level of increased level of blood sugar level by suppressing production of glucose by the liver. Metformin has potential to reduce the bone density in type 2 diabetic patients, hence it can affect fracture surgery in Audrey. Hence, nurse should administer metformin after checking bone density (Monami et al., 2008). Esomeprazole: Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor which is used to reduce acid content in the stomach. Nurse should also monitor changes in urinary elimination in Audrey as she has urinary incontinence. Long term use of proton pump inhibitors like esomeprazole decrease bone density in Audrey (Greenstein Greenstein, 2007) Effexor: Effexor is a antidepressant drug acts as selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Nurse should monitor Audrey for worsening of depressive condition. Nurse also should monitor cardiovascular parameters like heart rate and blood pressure. Effexor would be useful in Audrey, as there is possibility of depression post fracture surgery (Tripathi, 2013). Caltrate: Caltrate is a calcium and vitamin D3 supplement. Nurse should administer caltrate to Audrey with care, as it has potential to cause constipation and Audrey is already suffering from constipation. As calcium and vitamin D3 are helpful in strengthening bone, definitely caltrate would be helpful in the treatment of Audrey (Greenstein Greenstein, 2007) Mylanta : Mylanta is generally useful for stomach acid and it would be useful in Audrey as she has GIRD (Tripathi, 2013). Pre-Operative Intervetions Nurse should give analgesic to Audrey such as paracetamol and this analgesia should progress to opioids. Nurse should assess Audrey for anesthetic score and plan anesthesia for Audrey accordingly. Nurse should assess Audrey for possible comorbidities because it is evident from the literature that fracture surgery patients are associated with comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and renal disease. It is evident from the literature that patients with fracture surgery are associated with anemia. Hence, nurse should plan for approximately two units of blood transfusion. There is possibility of occurrence of leukocytosis and neutrophilia in patients fracture surgery due to trauma of fracture. Nurse should plan intervention for this condition in Audrey. Also, there is the possibility that lowering of platelet count due to anesthesia during surgery. Hence, nurse should plan for the platelet transfusion for Audrey. Nurse should perform coagulation test and Electrocardiography (ECG) in Audrey. Nurse should assess electrolyte balance in Audrey because in patients undergoing surgery it is very much required to have optimum electrolyte balance. Chest X-ray is required in patient with heart related problem undergoing fracture surgery. Audrey is associated with AF, hence nurse should plan for chest X-ray in case of Audrey. Nurse should understand exact procedure for the surgery because she should arrange all the requirement of the surgery at the time of surgery. Nurse should check with Audrey, whether she was associated with fever, cold and other common types of illness in prior week of surgery. Nurse should evaluate all the medications which were consuming by Audrey and stop medications which would affect the surgical procedure. Nurse should clean and apply disinfectant to the area, so that there would be less chances of infection due to surgery. Nurse should make sure that, Audrey should not eat and drink after midnight on the day of surgery (Boddaert, et al., 2014). Post- Operative Intervetions Intervention Action Rationale Pain Management Assessment Nurse should assess pain of Audrey using pain assessment scale. Based on the scale of pain, pain severity can be determined. Treatment Nurse should administer Audrey with analgesic medications like opioids or nerve blocking analgesic agents. Administration of pain medication to the patient undergoing fracture surgery would be helpful in reducing discomfort to Audrey. (Sieber et al., 2011). Venous thromboembolism Assessment Nurse should assess Audrey for deep vein thrombosis. Nurse can perform assessment of deep vein thrombosis using compression ultrasonography. Assessment of deep vein thrombosis is required in Audrey because from the literature it is evident that approximately 25 % patients of fracture surgery were associated with deep vein thrombosis (Kanchanabat et al., 2011). Treatment Nurse should administer Audrey, anticoagulant agents like heparins and warfarin. Administration of anticoagulant agents to Audrey would be helpful in preventing her from this life threatening condition. Anemia Assessment Nurse should perform assessment of anemia in Audrey by checking hemoglobin level. Due to the loss of blood during surgery there is the risk of developing anemia in patients undergoing fracture surgery . Management Nurse should perform transfusion of blood in Audrey after shifting to the ward. Anemia is associated with impairment in functional activities and consequently mortality in the patients developing anemia (Vochteloo et al., 2011). Infection Assessment Nurse should assess Audrey for the infection at the surgery site and for urinary tract infection. Due to loss of blood and skin incision during surgery, there is possibility of occurrence of infection in Audrey. Management Nurse should administer Audrey with appropriate antibiotic after the surgery. Occurrence of infection would be added complication for Audrey, hence it should controlled in the initial phase after the surgery. Postoperative confusion Assessment and management Nurse should assess cognitive dysfunction and confusion in Audrey by observations. Physician specialized in the psychological disorders should be called and Haloperidol or lorazepam should be administered for short duration of time. This confusion state can occur in approximately 25 % cases of post-operative fracture surgery. This confusion can lead to the difficulty in rehabilitation programme in Audrey (Roche et al., 2005). Malnutrition Assessment and management Nurse should assess nutritional status of Audrey. Nurse should incorporate dietitian in maintaining proper nutritional status of Audrey. It is evident from the literature that most of the patients admitted to hospital for fracture diet are malnourished. Intervention Action Rationale Rehabilitation Nurse should implement home physical therapy for Audrey. Nurse also should implement cognitive behavioral therapy and re-orientation therapy for Audrey. Nurse should perform rehabilitation of Audrey with the help of arthogeriatrician. From the literature it is evident rehabilitation of patients with fracture surgery have more rapid attainment functional activity and psychological well-being (Mehta Roy, 2011). Fall prevention Nurse should observe Audrey and assess for risk of fall. Nurse should assess balance, gait, vision and hearing in Audrey. Nurse should arrange care taker for Audrey for assisting her daily activities. Patients with fracture surgery are more prone to fall. Persistent occurrence of delirium, use of medications for confusion and cognition and change in the location from hospital to home also increases risk of fall in Audrey (Gillespie et al., 2003). Anabolic steroids and nutritional supplements Nurse should administer Audrey with anabolic steroids and nutritional supplement. Anabolic steroids and nutritional supplements would help in reducing the muscle and bone loss post fracture surgery (Tidermark et al., 2004). Secondary fracture prevention Nurse should also administer Audrey with Calcium and vitamin D administration. There are more chances of secondary fractures in patients with fracture surgery due to deficiency of Calcium and Vitamin D (Grant et al., 2005). Conclusion: Nurse role is very pivotal in the patients undergoing fracture surgery. Nurse should admit patient by considering all the physical, psychological and social factors of the patient. Nurse should consider safety, hygiene, nutrition, elimination, activity level and psychological needs of the patient. Nurse should take into account prior complications of the Audrey and plan surgery accordingly. 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